Q. Can you explain about long and wide data formats? How do you know which is better for your project?

• Long format is many observations with few attributes
• Wide-format is many attributes with few records
• Make sure to use something that is interoperable.
• Look at what people in your field are doing already to try and be consistent.

Possible tools to use https:
https://www.tidyverse.org/  
https://analyticsindiamag.com/pythons-pandas-vs-rs-tidyverse-who-wins/